Terms to know about taste and smell

Odorant	Something you smell
Olfactory epithelium	The tissue in the nose which contains scent-detecting cells
Olfactory hairs	The dendrites of the scent-detecting cells. Don't mix them up with inner ear hair cells or hair follicles!
Cribiform plate	The plate of bone under the olfactory epithelium. Damage to it can cause loss of the sense of smell
Olfactory nerves	The axons connecting the scent-detecting cells to the olfactory bulb. They run through the cribiform plate
Olfactory bulb	The part of the brain which synapses with the scent-detecting cells
Olfactory cortex	The part of the brain that processes olfactory impulses; on the medial side of the temporal lobe
Olfactory tract	The axons connecting the olfactory bulb with the olfactory cortex
Tastant	Something you taste. You should know how the five different tastes make the taste buds fire.
Taste buds	The epithelium containing sensory cells that detect tastants
Facial and glossopharyngeal	The nerves that carry taste signals to the brain
Taste cortex	In the frontal lobe, under the anterior end of the temporal lobe
Salty	makes taste buds fire by Na+ diffusing in through Na+ channels
Sour	makes taste buds fire by H+ diffusing into the cells
Sweet, Umami, Bitter	make taste buds fire by fastening to receptors and activating a G protein mechanism